1863
B. W. Tucker patents guide shoes with three rollers
1863
William Miller patents the first elevator using a worm screw system integrated with the platform to lift the cabin and prevent it from falling
1864
William Smith of Philadelphia patents the first drum winder driven by a screw-crown system.
1865
The British firm Easton and Amos installs, in the new Brighton Hotel in Bringhton, a direct-acting hydraulic passenger lift, with a travel of 17 meters.
1865
The American Morgan Willard patents a system whereby two screws extended along the entire shaft length, on the sides of the cabin. Unlike the Miller system, the screws turn (not unlike the Otis Tufts ) “Vertical Railway” patented in 1859 where the screw was in the center of the machine). However, the screws supported by the cabin are subject to breakage. The Ashcroft Brothers improved this system in 1868, as did William Edison in 1869.
1865
The 6-storey Grand Hotel in Paris installs hydraulic lifts; due to the low water pressure in the city, a steam engine had to be installed to keep the water pressure up to the required level. Two years later, the system was replaced by Leon Edoux.
1866
Otis Tufts develops a system of three spring-loaded roller guides in four contact points of the arch ensuring a perfect fit and reducing sway. In the same year, Tufts patented an improvement of the guides, taking advantage of the need for silent guides to be installed in hospitals.
1867
Campbell, Whittier & Company begins production of the Miller Patent Screw Lift Machine with capacity from 900 to 3600 kg.
1867
Leon Edoux exhibits the “first safe direct action hydraulic lifts” at the Universal Exposition in Paris. Its elevator transports visitors to a 19.8 meter high observation platform. The four hollow cast iron columns that guide the lift also act as containers for four counterweights attached to chains that passed over the pulleys to the cabin.
1867
The atmospheric gas engines developed by Otto & Langen get the gold medal for “the cheapest power for small businesses”.
1867
Werner von Siemens perfects a dynamo with a self-excitation system, which becomes a new method for producing electricity.
1868
Otis Brothers patents its own variant of the drum, also with worm gear, powered by a steam machine
1868
Construction of the New York City subway begins.
1868
Peter Ellis, an English architect, installs the first elevator of the paternoster type in Oriel Chambers in Liverpool.
1869
William E. Hale patents and introduces the “Hale Water-Balance Elevator” in Chicago. His novelty: to use the gravity force for its actuation. Patent is presented by C.W. Baldwin and the rights to patent were owned by William E. Hale. [1]
1870
The Officine Meccaniche Stigler company of Milan installs its first lift for the transport of people in Italy in the Costanzi hotel in Rome.
1870 – 1872
C.W. Baldwin presents may patents on the hydro-atmospheric lift, one improvment of hales patent where water balance is obtained by using the weight of the water and not its pressure. [1]
1870
The nine-story Equitable Life Assurance Society Building, the tallest in New York City (40 meters), becomes the first to have passenger elevators. Otis Tufts’ two steam elevators cost just under $ 30,000. On the first day alone, the elevators are used by nearly 2,500 people.
1870
Lane & Bodley, manufacturers of steam and manually operated elevators since 1860, began manufacturing direct hydraulic systems from the city’s water supply. In 1872, they exhibited their project at the Cincinnati Industrial Exhibition. At the time, they and two other hydraulic elevator manufacturers had installed about 100 such units in the area, making Cincinnati an elevator manufacturing hub with a commercial area of several hundred miles. ane & Bodley also make hydraulic lifts with horizontal piston. [2]
1871
Albert Lucius of New York City designs and patents the first hydraulically operated rack and pinion gear using a horizontal cylinder.
1871
The great Chicago fire destroys 18,000 buildings in the city center.
1871
The British Parliament gives a group of London merchants the monopoly power to set up the power and steam pressure company of the Wharves warehouse. In 12 years, 11 km of pipes are laid along the Thames with 48 Bar of pressure generated by the Falcon Wharf pumping station.
1872
Timothy Stebins designs and patents a rack and pinion machine operated by a vertical hydraulic piston that takes advantage of the water pressure brought by the city distribution. By changing the size of the gear, it is possible to change the load capacity and speed.
1872
The first hydraulic lift with vertical gears / pistons is installed in New York City.
1874
JW meeker is granted patent No. 147,853 for counterbalanced steel doors for the protection of hoist compartments.
1874
Manufacturers Lane and Bodley in Cincinnati Patent First Hydraulic Rope-Operated Elevator System Where Cylinder Head Leaks Compensate for Rope Weight.
1875
The nine-story Western Union Telegraph Building in New York City introduces mixed-use elevators including two Otis Brothers passenger elevators (with safety devices), each with a 30hp steam engine. Cyrus W. Baldwin designed the third passenger lift for use by Western Union employees, who are constantly on the move. During his distiguished career, Baldwin has obtained over 35 lift-related patents. Four related directly to the Western Union contract. William Ellery Hale acquired the patent for the hydro-atmospheric elevator installed as a third elevator, this system has become known as the Hale water counterbalance elevator. Operating through the force of gravity, it can approach the velocity of 7.6 m/s (1500 ft/m). [1] Although operated within more sensible limits, it was the ideal lift for young guys who delivered telegrams!
1875
Robert Schindler opens a mechanical workshop on an island in the Reuss River near Lucerne.
1876
Nikolaus August Otto builds the first commercially successful four-stroke internal-combustion engine, immediately patenting it in Germany, US and UK.
[1] From Ascending rooms to express elevators: a hystory of the passengere elevator in the 19th century by Lee E. Gray by Elevator world 2002
[2] Early Cincinnati steam manufacturing. The laneand Bodley Company, 1850-1920 by Sandra R. Seidman, 2008 Moores Hill
CONTINUE: Timeline 1877 – 1889